Dog Distemper

Dog distemper is one of the most dangerous viral diseases in dogs. It spreads easily, attacks multiple organs, and can be fatal if not treated promptly. While prevention through vaccination is highly effective, knowing the types and symptoms of distemper is critical for early detection and care.

Dog distemper is a highly contagious viral disease.
It affects the respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems.
Puppies and unvaccinated dogs are at the highest risk.
Early symptoms may look like the flu, but it can progress quickly.
Vaccination is the best prevention against this deadly disease.

Why Does My Dog Get Distemper?

Dog distemper is caused by the Canine Distemper Virus (CDV), which spreads through the air, saliva, urine, or shared food and water bowls. Infected dogs release the virus when coughing, sneezing, or even licking objects. Puppies born to unvaccinated mothers are especially vulnerable. Distemper thrives in areas with many unvaccinated dogs, and because it attacks the immune system, even mild exposure can lead to severe illness.

Types of Dog Distemper

Respiratory Distemper

Begins with coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, and fever. Often mistaken for kennel cough or the flu, but it can quickly worsen.

Gastrointestinal Distemper

Affects the stomach and intestines. Dogs develop vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, and rapid weight loss. This stage weakens the body further.

Neurological Distemper

The most severe form. The virus attacks the brain and nerves, leading to seizures, twitching, paralysis, or changes in behavior. Neurological symptoms may appear weeks after the initial infection.

Cutaneous Distemper

Causes hardening of the paw pads (“hard pad disease”) and thickened skin on the nose. This is a visible sign often linked with more advanced stages.

Chronic or Late-Stage Distemper

Dogs that survive the acute phase may develop long-term neurological problems, dental issues, or hardened paw pads that last for life.

Symptoms of Dog Distemper

Fever

Dogs may have fluctuating fevers that rise and fall during the illness.

Coughing and Sneezing

Early respiratory signs are often confused with common colds.

Nasal and Eye Discharge

Thick, yellow-green mucus is a classic symptom.

Loss of Appetite

Distemper causes nausea and weakness, making dogs refuse food.

Behavior Changes

Anxiety, confusion, or aggression may appear as the brain is affected.

Vomiting and Diarrhea

Lead to dehydration and weight loss.

Lethargy and Weakness

Dogs become less active and sleep more than usual.

Thickened Paw Pads and Nose

“Hard pad” is a well-known marker of distemper.

Seizures or Muscle Twitching

Neurological damage causes head tilting, twitching, or full seizures.

Sudden Death

In severe cases, dogs collapse and die without warning, especially puppies.

Prevention & Dog Care

Prevention of Health Risks

Vaccination is the strongest protection against distemper. Puppies should start their vaccine schedule at 6–8 weeks, with boosters to maintain immunity.

Post-Distemper Monitoring

Dogs recovering from distemper need close observation. Look for twitching, seizures, or behavior changes that signal long-term effects.

Dietary Support

Provide highly nutritious, easy-to-digest food to rebuild strength. Fresh water and hydration are critical.

Limit Stress & Activity

Keep infected dogs isolated until a vet confirms they are no longer contagious. Disinfect cages, bowls, and bedding.

Long-Term Care

Some survivors live with permanent nerve damage. Regular vet visits, physical therapy, and special diets may be needed to support quality of life.

Dog Distemper FAQ

Dog distemper is a viral disease that attacks the respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems. It spreads quickly and is often fatal without treatment.

The virus spreads through coughing, sneezing, saliva, urine, or shared items like bowls and bedding. Even short contact with an infected dog can transmit it.

Sneezing, coughing, fever, and watery eyes are early symptoms. If ignored, it progresses to vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, and even death.

Vaccination offers strong protection. While rare, vaccinated dogs may still get mild cases, but symptoms are less severe.

There is no direct cure. Treatment focuses on supportive care, fighting secondary infections, and managing symptoms.

Vaccination is the best prevention. Good hygiene, avoiding contact with sick dogs, and regular vet checkups also protect your pet.

Yes. You can explore more about dog problem and treatment on our dog page to stay informed and prepared.