Rabbit Tumor

Tumors in rabbits are abnormal growths that can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Because rabbits are prey animals, they often hide illness well, making tumors difficult to detect in the early stages. Regular health checks and early veterinary care give your rabbit the best chance of successful treatment.

Tumors in rabbits can be benign or malignant, with different outcomes.
Common sites include the uterus, skin, mammary glands, and internal organs.
Early detection is difficult because rabbits often hide illness until advanced stages.
Some tumors can be surgically removed, while others require long-term management.

Why Does My Rabbit Get Tumors?

Rabbit tumors can develop due to genetics, hormonal influences, chronic inflammation, or exposure to environmental triggers. Unspayed female rabbits are especially prone to uterine cancer, with risk increasing dramatically as they age. Skin tumors may form from chronic irritation, infections, or sun exposure. In some cases, weakened immunity or age-related cell changes lead to uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells.

Types of Rabbit Tumor

Uterine Adenocarcinoma

One of the most common and deadly tumors in unspayed female rabbits. It starts in the uterus and can spread (metastasize) to the lungs, liver, or other organs if not treated.

Mammary Tumors

Tumors in the mammary glands, sometimes linked to hormonal imbalances. They can be benign but often recur if not completely removed.

Skin Tumors

Growths on the skin may be benign cysts, abscess-like lumps, or malignant cancers such as squamous cell carcinoma. They are often visible as raised bumps or ulcerated sores.

Lymphoma

Cancer of the lymphatic system, which can affect multiple organs. It often causes weight loss, weakness, and enlarged lymph nodes.

Osteosarcoma (Bone Tumor)

Rare in rabbits but very aggressive, often affecting the limbs or jaw. Causes swelling, pain, and difficulty moving or eating.

Liver or Kidney Tumors

Internal organ tumors that may not be visible but lead to weight loss, appetite changes, and general decline in health.

Symptoms of Rabbit Tumor

Visible Lumps or Bumps

The most obvious sign. Lumps may be soft or hard, movable or fixed, and may increase in size over time.

Unexplained Weight Loss

Rabbits may lose weight despite eating normally, especially if internal tumors are affecting metabolism.

Loss of Appetite

Pain, discomfort, or internal obstruction from tumors can cause rabbits to eat less or refuse food.

Lethargy and Weakness

Rabbits may become less active, stay in one place, and show little interest in play.

Changes in Urination or Defecation

Uterine or abdominal tumors can press on the bladder or intestines, causing difficulty urinating, straining, or changes in stool.

Bleeding or Discharge

Vaginal bleeding in unspayed females is often a red flag for uterine tumors. Skin tumors may ooze or ulcerate.

Respiratory Problems

If tumors spread to the lungs, rabbits may develop labored breathing, coughing, or wheezing.

Pain Signals

Rabbits may grind their teeth, hide more often, or resist being touched in painful areas.

Prevention & Pet Care

Prevention of Health Risks

Spaying female rabbits early is the best prevention against uterine tumors. Regular health checks and a balanced diet help reduce overall cancer risks.

Post-Treatment Monitoring

After surgery or treatment, watch for swelling, bleeding, or reduced appetite. Any sign of pain, discharge, or weakness should be reported to your vet immediately.

Dietary Support

Provide unlimited hay, fresh water, and nutrient-rich greens to strengthen the immune system and support recovery. Syringe feeding may be needed if appetite is low.

Limit Stress & Activity

Keep the rabbit in a quiet, safe space with minimal stress. Avoid rough handling or excessive exercise until fully healed.

Long-Term Care

Schedule regular vet follow-ups, as some tumors can return or spread. Gentle daily checks for new lumps or changes will help catch issues early.

Rabbit Tumor FAQ

The most common tumor is uterine adenocarcinoma, especially in unspayed female rabbits. By age 4, the risk rises significantly, and by age 6, up to 80% of unspayed females may develop it.

Some can. Benign tumors and certain cancers (like skin tumors) can often be removed surgically. Uterine cancer, if caught before it spreads, can also be treated successfully with spaying.

Look for unusual lumps, weight loss, bleeding, loss of appetite, or behavioral changes. Any unexplained swelling should be checked by a vet.

It depends on the type. Uterine adenocarcinoma and lymphoma spread aggressively, while benign tumors remain localized.

Yes. Spaying female rabbits is the single most effective way to prevent uterine cancer, which is otherwise very common.